Regional Summary

Trade in Goods, 2021 ($ million)

Trade in Goods, 2021 ($ million)
Total Exports Exports to CAREC
(excluding PRC)
 Exports to CAREC
(including PRC)
 Total Imports Imports from CAREC
(excluding PRC)
 Imports from CAREC
(including PRC)
Afghanistan 1,434 192 232 3,682 2,438 2,913
Azerbaijan 22,410 790 931 12,103 802 1,797
PRC 3,516,374 - 58,536 2,684,697 - 31,628
Georgia 4,617 771 1,386 10,186 1,003 2,032
Kazakhstan 44,826 5,526 17,213 27,171 2,042 16,032
Kyrgyz Republic 1,705 612 676 5,470 1,591 9,072
Mongolia 9,289 2 7,753 6,869 47 2,284
Pakistan 28,991 1,101 4,110 72,939 337 24,555
Tajikistan 1,029 448 567 2,738 1,280 2,967
Turkmenistan 7,807 1,114 7,571 2,718 149 664
Uzbekistan 14,300 2,968 4,713 23,972 3,835 9,744
CAREC (excluding PRC) 136,408 13,524 - 167,848 13,524 -
CAREC (including PRC) 3,652,782 - 103,688 2,852,545 - 103,688

Top Exports of CAREC (excluding PRC), 2021

Top Exports of CAREC (excluding PRC), 2021
Rank HS Commodity Classification Code Commodity Description CAREC Exports ($ million) World Exports ($ million) Rank in World's Top Exports World's Top Exporter World's Top Importer
1 270900 Oils; petroleum oils and oils obtained from bituminous minerals, crude 34,319 907,864 1 Saudi Arabia United States
2 271121 Petroleum gases and other gaseous hydrocarbons; in gaseous state, natural gas 13,089 174,267 16 Norway Germany
3 710813 Metals; gold, semi-manufactured 8,890 72,333 22 United Kingdom United Kingdom
4 260300 Copper ores and concentrates 5,633 86,539 31 Chile Japan
5 710812 Metals; gold, non-monetary, unwrought (but not powder) 4,550 278,248 6 Switzerland Switzerland
6 740311 Copper; refined, unwrought, cathodes and sections of cathodes 4,384 71,469 47 Chile United States
7 270112 Coal; bituminous, whether or not pulverised, but not agglomerated 3,313 81,881 24 Australia Japan
8 720241 Ferro-alloys; ferro-chromium, containing by weight more than 4% of carbon 2,048 8,535 1269 South Africa Indonesia
9 271019 Petroleum oils and oils from bituminous minerals, not containing biodiesel, not crude, not waste oils; preparations, n.e.c., containing by weight 70% or more of petroleum oils or oils from bituminous minerals; not light oils or preparations 1,948 318,250 4 Russian Federation United States
10 620322 Ensembles; men's or boys', of cotton (not knitted or crocheted) 1,841 1,838 1309 Pakistan United Arab Emirates
11 100630 Cereals; rice, semi-milled or wholly milled, whether or not polished or glazed 1,592 9,521 188 India Philippines
12 284410 Uranium; natural uranium and its compounds, alloys, dispersions (including cermets), ceramic products and mixtures containing natural uranium or natural uranium compounds 1,448 3,691 1990 Canada Canada

Intra-CAREC Trade in Goods, 2021 ($'000)

Intra-CAREC Trade in Goods, 2021 ($'000)
From
To
Afghanistan Azerbaijan PRC Georgia Kazakhstan Kyrgyz Republic Mongolia Pakistan Tajikistan Turkmenistan Uzbekistan Imports from CAREC
(excluding PRC)
 Imports from CAREC
(including PRC)
Afghanistan - 6,485 474,550 441 820,980 14,370 0 839,094 83,043 162,479 511,091 2,437,983 2,912,533
Azerbaijan 37 - 995,076 531,731 119,693 4,277 0.1 5,730 141 66,743 73,214 801,566 1,796,642
PRC 40,407 141,149 - 615,581 11,687,115 64,091 7,751,050 3,008,827 118,540 6,457,039 1,744,424 - 31,628,223
Georgia 0.1 661,218 1,029,367 - 106,556 7,061 0 6,593 53 193,667 27,761 1,002,909 2,032,2764
Kazakhstan 4,126 39,955 13,989,537 96,185 - 374,747 1,590 192,499 307,631 0 1,025,619 2,042,352 16,031,889
Kyrgyz Republic 2,100 6,023 7,481,505 30,696 737,579 - 7 2,767 4,300 30,924 776,557 1,590,953 9,072,458
Mongolia 0 158 2,237,403 2,448 40,194 1,069 - 549 0.2 0 2,430 46,848 2,284,251
Pakistan 178,223 739 24,218,239 75 16,958 1,205 0 - 2,937 10,425 126,643 337,205 24,555,444
Tajikistan 3,901 7,331 1,686,744 12,476 900,182 23,794 6 2,423 - 0 329,679 1,279,792 2,966,536
Turkmenistan 28 34,286 514,875 11,144 0 5,066 0 2,983 0 - 95,577 149,084 663,959
Uzbekistan 3,542 33,490 5,908,809 85,639 2,783,672 180,143 135 48,253 50,513 649,913 - 3,835,300 9,744,109
Exports to CAREC (excluding PRC) 191,957 789,685 - 770,835 5,525,814 611,732 1,738 1,100,891 448,618 1,114,151 2,968,571 13,523,992 -
Exports to CAREC (including PRC) 232,364 930,834 58,536,105 1,386,416 17,212,929 675,823 7,752,788 4,109,718 567,158 7,571,190 4,712,995 - 103,688,320

Trade in Services, 2020 ($ million)

Trade in Services, 2020 ($ million)
Total Exports Exports to CAREC
(excluding PRC)
 Exports to CAREC
(including PRC)
 Total Imports Imports from CAREC
(excluding PRC)
 Imports from CAREC
(including PRC)
Afghanistan 700 1,105
Azerbaijan 2,621 5,461
PRC 280,629 - 351,088 -
Georgia 1,586 1,456
Kazakhstan 5,032 8,096
Kyrgyz Republic 440 572
Mongolia 655 2,105
Pakistan 5,353 7,543
Tajikistan 139 410
Turkmenistan - -
Uzbekistan 1,700 3,511
CAREC (excluding PRC) 18,226 - 30,259 -
CAREC (including PRC) 298,855 - 411,347 -

Trade in Services by Sector, 2020 ($ million)

Trade in Services by Sector, 2020 ($ million)
Exports of CAREC
(excluding PRC)
 Exports of CAREC
(including PRC)
 World Exports Imports of CAREC
(excluding PRC)
 Imports of CAREC
(including PRC)
 World Imports
Total services 18,226 298,855 5,179,459 30,259 411,347 4,907,742
Commercial services 16,828 294,912 5,106,324 29,629 407,157 4,817,519
Goods-related services 198 25,287 191,468 661 4,520 151,488
Manufacturing services on physical inputs owned by others 110 17,387 107,026 165 666 n.a.
Maintenance and repair services n.i.e. 88 7,900 84,442 496 3,854 n.a.
Travel 2,343 19,410 553,402 3,842 135,070 557,327
Transport 8,034 65,657 856,245 10,815 105,495 1,025,264
Other commercial services 6,254 184,560 3,470,254 14,311 162,072 3,083,440
Construction 418 24,349 91,648 1,622 9,773 n.a.
Insurance and pension services 239 5,689 161,386 704 13,048 n.a.
Financial services 279 4,547 560,686 794 3,968 n.a.
Charges for the use of intellectual property n.i.e. 16 8,895 395,609 532 38,161 457,274
Telecommunications, computer, and information services 2,311 61,345 751,065 1,348 34,316 n.a.
Other business services 2,914 78,360 1,423,281 9,229 59,716 n.a.
Personal, cultural, and recreational services 76 1,373 86,579 83 3,091 88,539
Government goods and services n.i.e. 1,396 3,940 73,135 630 4,190 90,223

Intra-CAREC Trade in Services, 2019 ($ million)

Intra-CAREC Trade in Services, 2019 ($ million)
From
To
Afghanistan Azerbaijan PRC Georgia Kazakhstan Kyrgyz Republic Mongolia Pakistan Tajikistan Turkmenistan Uzbekistan Imports from CAREC
(excluding PRC)
 Imports from CAREC
(including PRC)
Afghanistan - 3.3 229.3 5.8 7.7 2.7 1.2 11.3 1.6 16.5 21.6 71.6 300.9
Azerbaijan 9.5 - 314.0 23.9 15.1 3.5 1.9 5.4 3.5 6.4 11.9 81.0 395.0
PRC 468.4 292.4 - 193.4 1,666.2 136.8 721.9 377.0 112.6 361.9 508.2 - 4,838.8
Georgia 2.0 5.5 96.4 - 4.3 1.4 0.3 1.1 0.1 4.7 3.5 22.9 119.3
Kazakhstan 18.8 16.1 1,109.4 32.5 - 89.8 3.1 4.8 22.7 21.4 215.8 424.9 1,534.4
Kyrgyz Republic 2.2 1.8 275.7 5.1 44.3 - 0.7 0.7 5.2 1.3 20.1 81.4 357.1
Mongolia 2.8 1.7 269.0 1.9 6.8 1.2 - 0.9 0.2 0.1 1.7 17.1 286.1
Pakistan 12.8 2.9 1,039.8 1.2 2.1 0.5 0.2 - 1.2 3.1 2.4 26.5 1,066.3
Tajikistan 1.8 2.5 358.3 9.1 66.4 11.5 0.2 1.3 - 3.2 17.2 113.2 471.5
Turkmenistan 19.6 9.5 199.6 13.5 22.4 5.8 0.2 3.4 4.4 - 13.2 92.0 291.6
Uzbekistan 39.0 9.3 472.5 37.0 404.3 42.1 0.4 2.4 12.4 9.5 - 556.4 1,028.9
Exports to CAREC (excluding PRC) 108.5 52.6 - 129.9 573.3 158.5 8.1 31.1 51.3 66.1 307.5 1,487.0 -
Exports to CAREC (including PRC) 576.9 345.0 4,364.0 323.3 2,239.5 295.3 730.0 408.1 163.9 428.0 815.7 - 10,690.0
PRC = People's Republic of China
NOTE: These are final balanced values, which reflect the reconciled bilateral trade flows where exports equal mirror imports.
SOURCE:OECD Balanced Trade in Services Statistics (accessed March 2021)

Foreign Direct Investments, 2021 ($ million)

Foreign Direct Investments, 2021 ($ million)
Total Outflows from Country Outflows to CAREC
(excluding PRC)
 Outflows to CAREC
(including PRC)
 Total Inflows into Country Inflows from CAREC
(excluding PRC)
 Inflows from CAREC
(including PRC)
Afghanistan 49.6 3.3 6.7 33.6 0.6 4.7
Azerbaijan 172.2 9.1 14.0 419.1 4.4 20.1
PRC 35,880.4 - 888.4 13,862.3 - 122.7
Georgia 115.4 3.5 6.2 689.4 8.3 31.6
Kazakhstan 717.8 41.0 103.3 3,291.3 105.1 422.1
Kyrgyz Republic 146.4 71.6 78.1 76.8 14.6 21.0
Mongolia 45.1 0.8 19.5 873.9 5.5 390.1
Pakistan 324.7 15.8 32.7 1,063.7 0 76.4
Tajikistan 17.1 1.3 2.5 162.1 8.6 25.8
Turkmenistan 26.5 1.4 2.5 259.7 4.2 23.6
Uzbekistan 102.6 14.7 19.8 294.9 11.4 35.6
CAREC (excluding PRC) 1,717.3 162.6 - 7,164.6 162.6 -
CAREC (including PRC) 37,597.7 - 1,173.7 21,026.9 - 1,173.7
PRC = People's Republic of China
NOTE: Foreign direct investment flows with a negative sign indicate that at least one of the three subcomponents (equity capital, reinvested earnings, other capital related to intercompany debt) is negative and not offset by positive amounts of the remaining subcomponents.
SOURCE: ADB, Asia Regional Integration Center database (accessed July 2022)

Cumulative Foreign Direct Investments, 2001 to 2021 ($ million)

Cumulative Foreign Direct Investments, 2001 to 2021 ($ million)
Total Outflows from Country Outflows to CAREC
(excluding PRC)
 Outflows to CAREC
(including PRC)
 Total Inflows into Country Inflows from CAREC
(excluding PRC)
 Inflows from CAREC
(including PRC)
Afghanistan 1,401.5 43,0 127.9 666.2 5.5 513.8
Azerbaijan 13,095.7 3,018.0 3,039.8 47,971.8 168.8 252.2
PRC 941,928.3 - 43,561.6 2,010,437.1 - 713.8
Georgia 1,828.5 213.5 253.3 21,865.2 3,090.7 3,765.5
Kazakhstan 47,257.9 2,055.1 2,267.6 343,084.3 454.0 21,674.6
Kyrgyz Republic 1,021.7 11.4 70.4 12,315.8 1,469.5 4,601.7
Mongolia -367.4 13.6 102.1 30,829.2 70.5 7,140.2
Pakistan 4,478.6 151.6 277.0 49,659.7 0 10,005.9
Tajikistan 253.1 28.8 41.6 3,277.1 123.7 782.4
Turkmenistan 246.1 9.7 17.7 3,966.8 63.5 127.9
Uzbekistan 1,088.1 70.0 124.2 5,097.4 180.4 453.2
CAREC (excluding PRC) 70,303.9 5,614.7 - 518,733.5 5,626.5 -
CAREC (including PRC) 1,012,232.1 - 49,883.2 2,529,170.6 - 50,031.1
PRC = People's Republic of China
NOTE: Cumulative means the sum of flows from 2001 to 2021. Flows with a negative sign indicate that at least one of the three subcomponents (equity capital, reinvested earnings, other capital related to intercompany debt) is negative and not offset by positive amounts of the remaining subcomponents. Total Inflows exclude Unspecified country sources.
SOURCE: ADB, Asia Regional Integration Center database (accessed July 2022)

Intra-CAREC Flows of Foreign Direct Investments, 2021 ($ million)

Intra-CAREC Flows of Foreign Direct Investments, 2021 ($ million)
From
To
Afghanistan Azerbaijan PRC   Georgia Kazakhstan Kyrgyz Republic Mongolia Pakistan Tajikistan Turkmenistan Uzbekistan Inflows from CAREC
(excluding PRC)
 Inflows from CAREC
(including PRC)
Afghanistan 0 0 4.1 0 0.6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.6 4.7
Azerbaijan 0 0 15.7 1.6 2.1 0 0 0.7 0 0 0 4.4 20.1
PRC 3.4 4.9 - 2.7 62.3 6.5 18.7 16.8 1.2 1.0 5.1 - 122.7
Georgia 0 4.5 23.3 0 2.8 0.3 0 0 0 0.2 0.5 8.3 31.6
Kazakhstan 2.6 3.3 316.9 1.6 0 70.3 0.8 12.6 1.2 1.1 11.6 105.1 422.1
Kyrgyz Republic 0.1 0.1 6.5 0.04 13.7 0 0 0.3 0.04 0.02 0.4 14.6 21.0
Mongolia 0 0.3 384.7 0.2 3.4 0.4 0 0.8 0.1 0.1 0.3 5.5 390.2
Pakistan 0 0 76.4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 76.4
Tajikistan 0.6 0.3 17.2 0 3.5 0.7 0 1.5 0 0 1.9 8.6 25.8
Turkmenistan 0 0 19.5 0 4.2 0 0 0 0 0 0 4.2 23.6
Uzbekistan 0 0.6 24.2 0 10.8 0 0 0 0 0 0 11.4 35.6
Outflows to CAREC (excluding PRC) 3.3 9.1 - 3.5 41.0 71.6 0.8 15.8 1.3 1.4 14.7 162.6
Outflows to CAREC (including PRC) 6.7 14.0 888.4 6.2 103.3 78.1 19.5 32.7 2.5 2.5 19.8 - 1,173.7
PRC = People's Republic of China
NOTE: Foreign direct investment flows with a negative sign indicate that at least one of the three subcomponents (equity capital, reinvested earnings, other capital related to intercompany debt) is negative and not offset by positive amounts of the remaining subcomponents.
SOURCE: ADB, Asia Regional Integration Center database (accessed July 2022)

Cumulative Intra-CAREC Flows of Foreign Direct Investments, 2001 to 2021 ($ million)

Cumulative Intra-CAREC Flows of Foreign Direct Investments, 2001 to 2021 ($ million)
From
To
Afghanistan Azerbaijan PRC   Georgia Kazakhstan Kyrgyz Republic Mongolia Pakistan Tajikistan Turkmenistan Uzbekistan Imports from CAREC
(excluding PRC)
 Imports from CAREC
(including PRC)
Afghanistan 0 0 508.3 0 5.5 0 0 0 0 0 0 5.5 513.8
Azerbaijan 0 0 83.4 75.5 83.7 0 0 9.6 0 0 0 168.8 252.2
PRC 84.8 21.8 - 39.7 212.5 59.0 88.6 125.4 12.8 7.9 54.2 - 706.8
Georgia 0 2,790.7 674.8 0 259.1 21.8 0 0 0 4.9 14.1 3,090.7 3,765.5
Kazakhstan 20.8 210.9 21,130.4 136.1 0 -23.4 13.6 40.7 24.7 3.8 22.6 449.8 21,580.2
Kyrgyz Republic 16.4 3.1 3,131.3 0.4 1,358.6 0 0 69.2 3.6 0.5 10.6 1,462.3 4,593.6
Mongolia 0 3.0 7,031.5 1.6 46.1 6.1 0 7.9 0.5 0.5 4.5 70.2 7,101.7
Pakistan 0 0 10,005.9 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10,005.9
Tajikistan 5.9 3.6 658.7 0 64.8 6.9 0 24.2 0 0 18.2 123.7 782.4
Turkmenistan 0 0 64.4 0 63.5 0 0 0 0 0 0 63.5 127.9
Uzbekistan 0 6.7 272.8 0 173.7 0 0 0 0 0 0 180.4 453.2
Outflows to CAREC (excluding PRC) 43.0 3,018.0 - 213.5 2,055.1 11.4 13.6 151.6 28.8 9.7 70.0 5,614.7 -
Outflows to CAREC (including PRC) 127.8 3,039.8 43,561.6 253.3 2,267.6 70.4 102.1 277.0 41.6 17.7 124.2 - 49,883.2
PRC = People's Republic of China
NOTE: Cumulative means the sum of flows from 2001 to 2019. Flows with a negative sign indicate that at least one of the three subcomponents (equity capital, reinvested earnings, other capital related to intercompany debt) is negative and not offset by positive amounts of the remaining subcomponents.
SOURCE: ADB, Asia Regional Integration Center database (accessed July 2022)